165 results for group: journal-article
How temperature-dependent silicate weathering acts as Earth’s geological thermostat
S. L. Brantley, Andrew Shaughnessy, Marina I. Lebedeva, Victor N. Balashov
Abstract
Earth’s climate may be stabilized over millennia by solubilization of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) as minerals weather, but the temperature sensitivity of this thermostat is poorly understood. We discovered that the temperature dependence of weathering expressed as an activation energy increases from laboratory to watershed as transport, clay precipitation, disaggregation, and fracturing increasingly couple to dissolution. A simple upscaling to the global system indicates that the temperature dependence decreases to ~22 kilojoules per mole because (i) the ...
Geochemical carbon dioxide removal potential of Spain
Liam A. Bullock, Juan Alcalde, Fernando Tornos, Jose-Luis Fernandez-Turiel
Abstract
Many countries have made pledges to reduce CO2 emissions over the upcoming decades to meet the Paris Agreement targets of limiting warming to no >1.5 °C, aiming for net zero by mid-century. To achieve national reduction targets, there is a further need for CO2 removal (CDR) approaches on a scale of millions of tonnes, necessitating a better understanding of feasible methods. One approach that is gaining attention is geochemical CDR, encompassing (1) in-situ injection of CO2-rich gases into Ca and Mg-rich rocks for geological storage by mineral carbonation, (2) ...
A new soil-based approach for empirical monitoring of enhanced rock weathering rates
Tom Reershemius, Mike E. Kelland, Isabelle R. Davis, Rocco D’Ascanio, Boriana Kalderon Asael, Dan Asael, Dimitar E. Epihov , David J. Beerling, Christopher T. Reinhard , Noah J. Planavsky
Abstract
Enhanced rock weathering (ERW) has been touted as a scalable and cost-effective
potential carbon dioxide removal (CDR) strategy with significant environmental and agronomic co-benefits. However, a major barrier to implementation of ERW at scale is a robust monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) framework that can accurately, precisely, and cost-effectively measure the amount of carbon dioxide being removed by ERW in the field. Here we outline ...
Effects of precipitation seasonality, irrigation, vegetation cycle and soil type on enhanced weathering – modeling of cropland case studies across four sites
Giuseppe Cipolla, Salvatore Calabrese, Amilcare Porporato, Leonardo V. Noto1
Abstract
Enhanced weathering (EW) is a promising strategy for carbon sequestration, but several open questions remain regarding the actual rates of dissolution in conditions
of natural hydroclimatic variability in comparison to laboratory experiments. In this context, models play a pivotal role, as they allow exploring and predicting EW dynamics under different environmental conditions. Here a comprehensive hydro biogeochemical model has been applied to four cropland case studies (i.e., Sicily and the Padan plain in Italy and California and Iowa in the USA) character...
Global agricultural trade and land system sustainability: Implications for ecosystem carbon storage, biodiversity, and human nutrition
Thomas Kastner, Abhishek Chaudhary, Simone Gingrich, Alexandra Marques, U. Martin Persson, Giorgio Bidoglio, Gaetane Le Provost, Florian Schwarzmuller
Abstract
Global land systems are increasingly shaped by international trade of agricultural products. An increasing number of studies have quantified the implications of agricultural trade for single different aspects of land system sustainability. Bringing together studies across different sustainability dimensions, this review inves-tigates how global agricultural trade flows have affected land systems and resulting impacts on food and nutrient availability, natural habitat conversion, biodive...
Role of integrated crop-livestock systems in improving agriculture production and addressing food security – A review
Udayakumar Sekaran, Liming Lai, David A.N. Ussiri, Sandeep Kumar, Sharon Clay
Abstract
Integrated crop-livestock systems (ICLS) can be productive, sustainable, and climate-resilient agricultural systems compared to specialized and intensive systems. This review explores the beneficial traits and contributions of ICLS to food security, social and economic benefits, and resilience, and proposes strategies to adopt ICLSs in low-, medium-, and high-income countries. Currently, global food security faces two main challenges. First, one in nine people do not have sufficient protein and energy in their diet, of those 50% are smallholder subsistence ...
The Theoretical Potential of Hondsrug Glacial Rock Dust as Soil Remediator in The Netherlands
Niels Christian Olfert
Abstract
Agriculture in the Netherlands is a major source of ammonia (NH3) emissions. Deposited nitrogen levels in the Netherlands reached 2-3 times their critical value at the start of 2020. Excess nitrogen in soil may cause declines in biodiversity and ecosystemic disequilibrium. This may lead to acidic and decalcified soils that are less capable of retaining nutrients. The mineral fines in rock dust are proven agents in soil remediation and remineralization. Glacial moraine deposits are a branded source of rock dust and are contained in the glacial till of the “Hondsrug” area, a boulder clay ridge in the northeast...
Potential accumulation of toxic trace elements in soils during enhanced rock weathering
Xavier Dupla, Benjamin Möller, Philippe C. Baveye, Stéphanie Grand
Abstract
Terrestrial enhanced rock weathering (ERW) is a carbon dioxide removal technology that aims at accelerating one of the most powerful negative feedbacks on Earth's climate, the chemical weathering of silicates. To achieve this, ERW proposes to spread ground silicate rock on agricultural soils. According to many models, global application rates of 40 tonnes of ground basaltic rock per hectare and per year would be necessary to sequester a significant amount of CO2, representing up to 24% of the current net annual increase in atmospheric CO2. When assessing the viabil...
